- Noun-Clause Starters
"We use various words to start noun clauses. . . .
"These words include the word that, which in its role as a noun clause starter is not a relative pronoun, for it serves no grammatical role in the clause; it just starts the clause. For example: The committee stated that it would follow the agent's policy. Here the noun clause serves the noun role of direct object of the transitive verb stated. But a careful look at the clause reveals that the word that does not serve any role within the clause, other than simply to get it going.
"Other noun clause starters do serve grammatical roles within the clause. For example: We know who caused all the trouble. Here the noun clause starter is the relative pronoun who. Notice that inside the noun clause who serves as the grammatical subject of the verb caused.
"Additional words serve as noun clause starters. A relative adverb can get one going: How he won the election mystified the pundits. So can a relative pronoun acting as an adjective: We know which career she will pursue. In these two sentences, how is an adverb modifying the verb won, and which is a relative-pronoun-adjective modifying the noun career."
(C. Edward Good, A Grammar Book for You and I--Oops, Me!. Capital Books, 2002) - "I have run,
I have crawled,
I have scaled these city walls,
These city walls
Only to be with you,
Only to be with you.
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for."
(written and performed by U2, "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For." The Joshua Tree, 1987)
Also Known As: nominal clause
smster 2:
- 2. Introducing (memperkenalkan)
| Memperkenalkan Dri | Memperkenalkan Orang Lain |
| - I’d like to introduce myself.
- My I introduce myself? - Let me introduce myself! - I want to introduce myself |
- I’d like you to meet … (nama)
- This is my friend/boss/etc…(nama) - Have you met…(nama)? - May I introduce you to …(nama/jabatan) - Let me introduce you to …. - I want to introduce you to …. |
- Inviting (mengundang/mengajak)
| Undangan/Ajakan | Menolak | Menerima |
| - let’s + V1
- Why don’t we …? - How about…? - I’d like to invite you to… - Would you like to…? - I wonder if you’d like to |
- I’m sorry I can’t
- I’d like to but… - I’m afraid I can’t - No, let’s not. |
- I’d love to
- I’d like very much - I’d be happy/glad to accept - Yes, I’d be delighted to. - That’s good ide |
- Expressing Thanks (terimakasih)
| Ungkapan | Respon |
| Thank you
Thank you very much Thanks. Thank you very much for… (kata benda) I’m grateful for…(kata benda/noun) |
You are welcome.
That’s all right Not at all Don’t mention it Thet’s all right Any time |
- Congratulations (ucapan selamat)
| Ungkapan | Respon |
| Congratulations
Congratulations on … I’d like to congratulate you. I’d like to congratulate you on… It was great to hear… It was to hear about…. Happy birthday to you. Happy new year. Good luck! Have a nice holiday |
Thank you
Thank you and the same to you Thank you. I need it. Thank you very much. |
- Sympathy (menyatakan rasa simpati)
- I’m sorry to hear that
- Oh, that’s too bad.
- How awful!
- How terrible!
- Poor!
- Pleasure, Displeasure (senang & tidak senang)
| Pleasure/senang | Displeasure/tidak senang |
| It’s really delightful/Iam delighted
I’m satisfied That’s great That’s wonderful It’s really a great pleasure |
I’m dissatisfied
We are fed up with… I feel dosappointed She is extremely displeased |
- Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction ( kepuasan, ketidakpuasan)
- Well done!
- Great! Good work
- I am satisfied with your work
- You did well
- Your job is satisfactory
- I am so happy about this
- I’m glad to what you’ve done
- It’s really satisfying
- I’m not satisfied with work
- You haven’t done well enough
- I am really dissappointed
- Sorry, but your work is not satisfactory
- Oh, no!
- It’s not very nice
- It’s really not good enough
- Asking & Giving Opinion (meminta & memberi pendapat)
| Asking Opinion | Giving opinion |
| How was the trip?
How do you like your new house? How do you think of Rina’s idea? How do you feel about this dicition? What is your opinions of the movie? What are your feelings about it? |
I think (that)….
In my opinion…. As I see, … If you ask me, I feel… |
Ketika kita merasa sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa mengatakan:
- So do I
- Yes, I agree with you
- It is certainly
- Exactly
- That’s what I want to say
- I am with you
- I am on your side
- Well, I don’t think so
- I don’t think that is true
- I disagree with …
- I wouldn’t say that
- Exactly not
- I can’t say so
- On contrary
- I don’t buy that idea
| Fear | Respon |
| I am afraid
I am feared I am scared I am terrified The sound is horrifying |
Don’t be afraid
There is nothing to be afraid of It is nothing |
| Anciety | Respon |
| I am worried about…
I am anxious to know about… I wondered if… That made me worried I have been thinking about …. I am afraid if… |
Take is easy
Calm down I know you are worried but… It is not a big deal Don’t worry Stay cool |
| Pain | Relief |
| Ouch!
That was hurt It is painful It hurts me I’ve got a backache/toothache/stomachache I feel sore all over My eyes hurt |
I’m very relieved to hear…
Finally, it was over I feel relieved I feel much better I’m glad it’s over That’s a great relief I’m extremely glad to hear… Thank goodness for that Marvellous What a relief! |
| Like | Dislike |
| I love it
I like it I am keen on it I am crazy about it We all enjoy (benda/noun/gerund)…is my cup of tea |
I don’t really like it
I dislike it I am not really interested in… I can’t enjoy… (benda/noun/gerund)…is not my cup of tea I can’t stand I hate it |
| Embarrassment | Annoyance |
| I am embarrassed
I feel ashamed Oh my God Shame on me I don’t feel comfortable I feel awkward |
I am annoyed
I had enough with it I can’t bear it any longer You made me annoyed You are such a pain in the neck You made me sick |
| Request | Acceptance | Refusal |
| Would it be possible for you to
Would you be so kind as to Would you…,please? Would you mind …? Any chance of… Can you…? |
I should be delighted to come
By all means I have no objection I’d be happy to Sure Yeah OK No problem Mmm |
I regret to say that we find ourselves unable to go
I’m afraid it’s not possible I’m afraid not Sorry No, I won’t Not likely You must be joking |
| Complaint | Blame |
| I’m not at all satisfied with the service
I really do/must objec to the service I take great exception to… I want to complain about… This is crazy! |
You’re the one to blame
It’s your fault! It’s your mistake! You’re wrong |
| Regret | Apology |
| Much to my regret
Sadly, I …. Unfortunately I’m terribly sorry I honestly regret that I … Sorry, I … |
Please accept my apologies for what I did
Please forgive me for what I did I am extremely sorry I really must apologies May I offer you my sincerest apologies? |
| Menyatakan Kemungkinan | Menanyakan Kemungkinan |
| I think there is possibility to …
I sassume/believe… In all probability,… it is going to be possible for me to… that will probably … it’s quite possible … |
Do you think he/it could…?
Would you say we’re capable of…? Are you capable of…? Are you able to…? Do you have any experience of…? Can you…? Do you know how to…? Do you think you can…? |
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